わが国の看護技術に関する概説書の分析

Abstract

目的:わが国の看護基礎教育における看護技術の概説書を分析し,クライエントの生活行動を支援する看護技術に焦点を当て,教育内容の現状と課題を明らかにする.方法:2003年から2007年に出版された看護技術の概説書18冊を対象とした.「生活行動を支援する看護技術」を抽出し,その内容を類似性に基づき分類し命名した.結果:635記録単位が抽出され,これらから10のカテゴリが形成された.結論:「生活行動を支援する看護技術」は,【I.クライエントの清潔行動・整容の支援と皮膚粘膜を保護し,その機能を維持促進する技術】【II.クライエントの排泄行動の支援と排泄機能を維持促進する技術】が約半数を占め,教育内容として重視されていた.【IX.クライエントの呼吸・体温と循環を整える技術】【X.死にゆくクライエントを支援する技術】の割合は低く,枠組を検討する必要性が示唆された.

Objective : To analyze the contents of textbooks on nursing art used in basic nursing education in Japan and to clarify the current state of their educational contents and related issues with a focus on nursing art for supporting activities of living. Method : We examined 18 textbooks on nursing art published between 2003 and 2007. Nursing art for supporting activities of living were extracted, and their content was categorized based on similarity. Results : A total of 635 content codes was extracted, and 10 categories were created from these codes. Conclusion : "I. Support for clients' hygiene activities and appearance, and art for maintaining and promoting skin function", and "II. Support for clients' excretory activities, and art for maintaining and promoting excretory function" represented approximately half of the art supporting activities of living, and were focused on as educational content. The proportions of "IX. Art for establishing client breathing, body temperature and circulation" and "X. Art for supporting clients facing the end of life" were small, suggesting the necessity of investigating the educational framework of these textbooks.