医療事故に関連する用語の定義の現状と特徴

Abstract

本論文は,看護基礎教育課程における安全管理教育の充実に向けた基礎資料とすることを目的に,医療事故に関連する主要な用語の定義について,その現状と特徴を整理した.安全管理に関する主要な指針,報告書,研究論文等を概観し,「医療事故」と,医療事故に関連して用いられることの多い「看護事故」,「有害事象」,「警鐘事象」,また国内外で異なる内容で用いられている「インシデント」および「ヒヤリ・ハット」,「ニアミス」,「エラー」の定義を確認した.また,医療事故により被害を受けた対象,発生した原因,もたらされた結果に着目し,これらの用語の特徴を明確にした.

The purpose of the present study was to clarify the definitions of principal terms related to health care accidents in order to establish basic data for safety management education. A literature review of major publications on safety management was conducted in order to identify definitions of the following terms related to health care accidents: "medical accidents," "medical accidents in nursing service," "adverse events," "sentinel events," "incidents," "hiyari-hatto (risks perceived by healthcare staff, but not causing injury to patients)," "near misses," and "errors." These terms were analyzed in relation to objects, causes, and outcomes; furthermore, the features of these terms were clarified.